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Hexagonal symbols of civilization in ancient China. Information about ratio of hexagonal symbols with historical periods of chronological development of civilization in China can be interesting for sinologists or otherwise tell researchers of oriental culture, and also to readers of the Chinese book I Ching. Because in comments of The Great Appendix there is a mistake which in some cases is the reason of erroneous hypotheses and conclusions in sinology and scientific studies of the Chinese philosophy. |
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In the Chinese classical Book of Changes I Ching in comments which have the
name "The Great Appendix", in the second chapter of the second section, there is
description for sequence of historical events according to which the
civilization in ancient China developed. Development of the Chinese civilization
according to text of The Great Appendix is divided into historic periods and compared
with 13 hexagrams I Ching which in part correspond to 13 hexagonal symbols. But
three hexagrams have no conformity and it is a probable mistake of
comments, but this fault can be corrected.
Below there is a summary of The Great Appendix of James Legge, Translator. And also
there are graphic images of I Ching signs and appropriate hexagonal
symbols, without hexagrams which are specified wrongly in the text of The Great Appendix.
The bold font allocates names of legendary persons who carried out development of civilization.
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1. First historical period of the Chinese civilization. Fu Hsi (Pao-hsi) started to create Eight Trigrams or Ba Gua of the canon of changes I Ching. Fu Hsi invented the making of nets of various kinds by knitting strings, both for hunting and fishing. The idea of this was taken, probably, from Li or thirtieth sign of I Jing. First period in chronological cycles of the planet Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 30th hexagram I Ching. |
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2. Second historical period of civilization in China. Shan-nang fashioned wood to form the share, and bent wood to make the plough-handle. The idea of this was taken from Yi or forty-second sign of I Jing. Second period in chronological cycles of the planet Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 42th hexagram I Ching. |
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3. Third historical period of ancient civilization in China. Shan-nang caused markets and learned to exchange the wares. The idea of this was taken from Shih Ho or twenty-first sign of I Jing. Third period in chronological cycles of the planet Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 21st hexagram I Ching. |
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4. Fourth historical period of civilization in ancient China. Hwang Ti, Yao, and Shun transferred garments for descendants (as patterns to the people), and good order was secured all under heaven. When a series of changes has run all its course, another change ensues. When it obtains free course, it will continue long. The idea of this was taken from Khien and Khwan or first and second signs of I Jing. Fourth period in chronological cycles of the planet Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbols derivative of 1st and 2nd hexagrams I Ching. |
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5. Fifth historical period of ancient Chinese civilization. Hwang Ti, Yao, and Shun made canoes and oars to reach the most distant places. The idea of this was taken from Hwan or fifty-ninth sign of I Jing. 59th hexagram corresponds to hexagonal symbol which concerns with third period in chronological cycles of the planet Uranus and consequently it is possible to assume here a mistake. Probably, here in texts of The Great Appendix should be named 63rd and 64th hexagrams I Ching. |
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6. Sixth period of history of ancient Chinese civilization. Hwang Ti, Yao, and Shun used oxen (in carts) and yoked horses (to chariots). The idea of this was taken from Sui or seventeenth sign of I Jing. 17th hexagram I Ching corresponds to hexagonal symbol which concerns with third period in chronological cycles of Uranus, and consequently it is a mistake. Probably, here should be other hexagram. |
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7. Seventh period of history of civilization in ancient China. Hwang Ti, Yao, and Shun made double gates and have founded watchmen. The idea of this was taken from Yu or sixteenth sign of I Jing. Seventh period in chronological cycles of the planet Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 16th hexagram I Ching. |
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8. Eighth period of ancient history of civilization in China. Hwang Ti, Yao, and Shun made pestles and formed mortars to grind grains. The idea of this was taken from Hsiao Kwo or sixty-second sign of I Jing. Eighth period in chronological cycles of Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 62nd hexagram I Ching. |
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9. Ninth period of ancient history of the Chinese civilization. Hwang Ti, Yao, and Shun made bows and arrows. The idea of this was taken from Khwei or thirty-eighth sign of I Jing. Ninth period in chronological cycles of Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 38th hexagram I Ching. |
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10. Tenth period of ancient civilization in China. The sages or wise men built palaces and dwellings. The idea of this was taken from Ta Kwang or thirty-fourth sign of I Jing. 34th hexagram I Ching concerns to hexagonal symbol which corresponds to eleventh period in chronological cycles of Uranus. Consequently here should be other hexagram. |
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11. Eleventh period of ancient Chinese civilization. The sages or wise men fixed period for mourning and buried in coffins. The idea of this was taken from Ta Kwo or twenty-eighth sign of I Jing. Eleventh period in chronological cycles of Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 28th hexagram I Ching. |
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12. Twelfth historical period of ancient Chinese civilization. The sages or wise men have based written characters and learned people to write. The idea of this was taken from Kwai or forty-third sign of I Jing. Twelfth period in chronological cycles of Uranus corresponds for hexagonal symbol derivative of 43rd hexagram I Ching. |
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The Great Appendix of the Chinese classical Book of Changes I Ching is written by ancient Chinese hieroglyphs
which have multi meaning senses, namely in some cases hieroglyphs have no
unequivocal understanding and lose some semantic
values while translating into English language. Therefore it is necessary to take into account
interpreting reserve of quotations
from text of The Great Appendix which above mentioned.
But nevertheless texts of the Great Appendix have value as hexagrams I Ching
are listed in the chronological sequence which can be compared with hexagonal
symbols, and by that it is possible to compare symbols of the canon of changes
I Ching to cycles of the planet Uranus. Provided that in texts
of the Great Appendix there are three hexagrams which are incorrectly compared
with hexagonal symbols, but this error can be corrected, that is shown on the chart.
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As it is possible to see, hexagonal symbols form the
circular sequence which corresponds with historic periods of
civilization development in ancient China. Some hexagonal symbols have features of replacement of entire and break lines, namely they form pairs, that is specified by lines which connect top and bottom hemispheres of the shown circle. Look information on pair symbols of the Chinese canon of changes on pages of this website in section with the name: circles of emotions. Pairs of hexagonal symbols are located symmetrically concerning horizontal axis of the shown circle, that corresponds to esoteric principle of symmetry of the sky and ground or heaven and earth. According to this principle or rule of symmetry there are positions of those hexagonal symbols for which texts of The Great Appendix specify hexagrams I Ching incorrectly. |
Namely texts of The Great Appendix for 5th and 6th periods of civilization
development specifies hexagrams I Ching which are appropriate to 3rd hexagonal
symbol. And for 10th period there specifies the hexagramm corresponding to 11th
hexagonal symbol, that are mistakes which are corrected as follows.
Sixth period of civilization development is symmetric for the first.
Therefore the sixth is hexagonal symbol which is pair for the first, namely on
6th and 1st positions should be graphic signs possessing features of
replacements of entire and break lines.
Tenth period of development is symmetric for the ninth.
Therefore the tenth is hexagonal symbol which is pair for the ninth. Namely
10th and 9th hexagonal symbols are located on symmetric positions, as these
signs of the canon of changes are paired.
The fifth period of civilization is symmetric for the second.
The fifth is hexagonal symbol which does not form pair ratios with any other
signs, as the second symbol too does not form pairs.
The shown chronological circle has three segments which are painted by different
color and correspond with names of cultural heroes who carried out development of civilization.
Yellow segment of the circle and 1st, 2nd, 3rd periods - cultural heroes Fu Hsi and Shan-nang.
Green segment and 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th periods - cultural heroes Hwang Ti, Yao, Shun.
Red segment and 10th, 11th, 12th periods - cultural heroes who in texts of The Great Appendix have no personal
names but are called as wise men.
Shown division of chronological circle into three segments is similar to
ancient Mesopotamian (Babylonian) opinions on movement of time and epochs, namely
cultural heroes of the Chinese civilization can be compared to names of Sumerian
or Acadian gods, about whom I can not tell anything as I have no sufficient information.
And also the shown division of chronological circle into three parts corresponds
to zones of a firmament in one of myths of the Egyptian mythology. Namely god Khepri
as image of the Scarab beetle rolls the sun from east horizon up to top of the sky, that is
possible to compare to the red quarter of chronological circle and 10-11-12
hexagonal symbols. Then god Ra moves the sun from top of the sky up to the
western horizon, that corresponds with the yellow quarter and 1-2-3 hexagonal
symbols. Then god Atum lowers the sun below horizon and makes invisible movement
from a sunset till a dawn,
that is comparable to the green half in chronological circle of time and
hexagonal symbols from 4 up to 9.
The shown chronological circle is similar to astrological circumference, but there
is another ratio with movement of time rather
than zodiac signs correspond with rotation of days within 12 months of one year.
Namely historical events and facts of cultural development of civilization in
text of The Great Appendix are connected with periods of time and correspond
with astrological circle according to other formal-symbolical scheme which is shown below.
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Distinctions of formal-symbolical schemes are caused
by that movement of years and epochs in a context of astrology, and also
periods of time in texts of The Great Appendix I Ching are connected
with precession of the Earth's axis and directed clockwise. And real
movement of time within astrological circle is directed
counter-clockwise, that occurs according to movement of the Sun and
planets on 12 zodiac signs. Different formal-symbolical schemes show one phenomenon which time is, but transformation of one system of time to another is necessary if various chronological measurements are necessary in a context of history or astrology. |
Numbers in grey circular fields show the sequence of hexagonal symbols in
chronological cycles of the planet Uranus, and also the sequence
of time periods and events in texts of The Great Appendix
in the Chinese book I Ching. And external numbers show the approximate time
scale which corresponds to measurement of years and epochs in astrology, that is
connected with precession of the Earth's axis.
Look information about astrological precession of the Earth and epochs in
development of human civilization, and also about ratio of epochs and eras with
zodiac signs on following pages in this section of website.
If to assume that the text of Great Appendix for the book I Ching in
China was written approximately at 2nd or 1st millenniums before new era of the Christ then
reference point for counting of events is known.
And if to accept a condition that 12 periods of time according to rules of
astrology should occupy half of astrological circle then beginning of a history
of civilization development in the ancient China can be compared to 14th
millennium before new era.
The following page speaks about precession of the Earth's axis according to which there are changes of astrological epochs and eras.
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